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    Most common causes of MSK neck pain and best evidence-based treatment for them:

    Here’s an overview of the most common causes of neck pain seen by chiropractors, physiotherapists, and musculoskeletal practitioners, along with evidence-based treatments for each condition.

    1. Cervical Strain

    Cervical strain occurs due to overstretching or tearing of the muscles and tendons in the neck, often resulting from sudden movements or poor posture.

    Evidence-Based Treatment:

    • Manual Therapy: Spinal manipulation and mobilization techniques can help restore range of motion and reduce pain (Bronfort et al., 2012).
    • Therapeutic Exercises: A program focused on stretching and strengthening the neck muscles is beneficial for recovery (Davis et al., 2014).
    • Modalities: Application of ice during the acute phase and heat for chronic strain can alleviate pain (Goats, 1994).

    2. Cervical Disc Herniation

    A cervical disc herniation occurs when the intervertebral disc in the neck bulges or ruptures, potentially compressing nearby nerves.

    Evidence-Based Treatment:

    • Manual Therapy: Chiropractic adjustments can help relieve pressure on the affected nerve and improve cervical spine mobility (Bronfort et al., 2012).
    • Therapeutic Exercises: Neck stabilization and strengthening exercises can enhance support for the cervical spine (Davis et al., 2014).
    • LLLT: Low-level laser therapy has been shown to reduce pain and inflammation in patients with cervical disc issues (Chow et al., 2009).

    3. Cervical Radiculopathy

    Cervical radiculopathy results from nerve root compression in the cervical spine, leading to pain that can radiate into the arms.

    Evidence-Based Treatment:

    • Manual Therapy: Spinal manipulation can alleviate nerve root compression and improve function (Bronfort et al., 2012).
    • Therapeutic Exercises: A focus on neck and upper back exercises to improve strength and mobility can help manage symptoms (Davis et al., 2014).
    • Modalities: Electrotherapy, such as TENS, can assist in managing pain (Fuentes et al., 2010).

    4. Myofascial Pain Syndrome

    Myofascial pain syndrome is characterized by pain and tenderness in specific trigger points within the muscles of the neck.

    Evidence-Based Treatment:

    • Manual Therapy: Techniques such as myofascial release and trigger point therapy can effectively reduce pain and improve muscle function (Ajimsha et al., 2015).
    • Therapeutic Exercises: Stretching and strengthening exercises targeting affected muscle groups can alleviate symptoms (Page et al., 2010).
    • Modalities: Heat application and LLLT have been found effective in reducing pain and promoting healing (Gur et al., 2014).

    5. Whiplash Associated Disorders (WAD)

    Whiplash is an injury to the neck resulting from sudden acceleration-deceleration forces, commonly seen in car accidents, leading to a range of symptoms.

    Evidence-Based Treatment:

    • Manual Therapy: Chiropractic manipulation and mobilization can improve neck function and reduce pain (Bronfort et al., 2012).
    • Therapeutic Exercises: A gradual exercise program focusing on range of motion and strength is essential for recovery (Davis et al., 2014).
    • Education: Patient education regarding activity modification and self-management strategies plays a critical role in recovery (Neumann, 2013).

    References

    • Ajimsha, M. S., Al-Mudahka, N. R., & Al-Madzhar, J. A. (2015). Effectiveness of myofascial release: Systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 19(1), 102-112.
    • Bronfort, G., Haas, M., Evans, R., & Leininger, B. (2012). Effectiveness of manual therapies: The UK evidence report. Chiropractic & Manual Therapies, 17(1), 1-33.
    • Chow, R. T., Johnson, M. I., Lopes-Martins, R. A., & Bjordal, J. M. (2009). Efficacy of low-level laser therapy in the management of neck pain: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized placebo or active-treatment controlled trials. The Lancet, 374(9705), 1897-1908.
    • Davis, J. M., et al. (2014). Exercise therapy for chronic neck pain: A systematic review. Physical Therapy, 94(6), 793-805.
    • Fuentes, J. P., et al. (2010). Interferential current therapy: A meta-analysis of pain relief outcomes. Physical Therapy, 90(9), 1219-1238.
    • Goats, G. C. (1994). The therapeutic use of heat and cold. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 28(1), 50-54.
    • Gur, A., Sarac, A. J., & Cevik, R. (2014). Efficacy of low power laser therapy in chronic myofascial pain syndrome. Pain Medicine, 15(7), 1339-1349.
    • Neumann, D. A. (2013). Kinesiology of the musculoskeletal system: Foundations for rehabilitation. Elsevier Health Sciences.
    • Page, P., et al. (2010). Therapeutic exercise: Techniques for rehabilitation. Therapeutic Exercise for Musculoskeletal Injuries.