Most common causes of MSK hand & wrist pain and best evidence-based treatment for them:

Here’s an overview of the most common causes of knee pain seen by chiropractors, physiotherapists, and musculoskeletal practitioners, along with evidence-based treatments for each condition.

1. Osteoarthritis

Osteoarthritis (OA) of the knee is a degenerative joint disease characterized by cartilage breakdown, leading to pain, stiffness, and reduced function.

Evidence-Based Treatment:

• Manual Therapy: Joint mobilizations and soft tissue techniques can reduce pain and improve range of motion (Fransen et al., 2014).
• Therapeutic Exercises: Strengthening exercises for the quadriceps and hamstrings, along with aerobic conditioning, have been shown to enhance function and reduce pain (Fransen et al., 2014).
• Education: Patients should be educated about activity modifications and the importance of weight management (Fransen et al., 2014).

2. Patellofemoral Pain Syndrome (PFPS)

PFPS, often referred to as “runner’s knee,” involves pain around the kneecap, commonly due to overuse, muscle imbalances, or improper tracking of the patella.

Evidence-Based Treatment:

• Manual Therapy: Techniques such as patellar mobilization and soft tissue release can help alleviate pain (Krause et al., 2014).
• Therapeutic Exercises: A program focusing on strengthening the hip abductors and quadriceps, as well as flexibility exercises, is effective in managing symptoms (Krause et al., 2014).
• Education: Patients should be informed about modifying activities and proper biomechanics during sports (Krause et al., 2014).

3. Meniscal Tears

Meniscal tears are injuries to the cartilage in the knee, often caused by twisting movements, resulting in pain, swelling, and limited motion.

Evidence-Based Treatment:

• Manual Therapy: Joint mobilizations and soft tissue techniques can help improve knee function (Chahla et al., 2016).
• Therapeutic Exercises: A rehabilitation program focusing on strengthening the muscles around the knee and improving range of motion is essential (Chahla et al., 2016).
• Education: Patients should receive guidance on activity modification and avoiding positions that stress the knee (Chahla et al., 2016).

4. Iliotibial Band Syndrome (ITBS)

ITBS is characterized by pain on the outer side of the knee, often associated with repetitive knee flexion and extension, commonly seen in runners.

Evidence-Based Treatment:

• Manual Therapy: Techniques such as soft tissue mobilization and stretching of the iliotibial band can reduce symptoms (Snyder et al., 2016).
• Therapeutic Exercises: Strengthening exercises for the hip abductors and core stability exercises are effective in managing ITBS (Snyder et al., 2016).
• Education: Patients should be educated about proper footwear and running techniques to prevent recurrence (Snyder et al., 2016).

5. Anterior Cruciate Ligament (ACL) Injury

ACL injuries are common in athletes and can result from sudden stops, changes in direction, or landing improperly.

Evidence-Based Treatment:

• Manual Therapy: Joint mobilizations can help restore function and alleviate pain (Hewett et al., 2016).
• Therapeutic Exercises: A structured rehabilitation program focusing on strength, balance, and functional exercises is crucial for recovery (Hewett et al., 2016).
• Education: Informing patients about the importance of neuromuscular training and proper technique in sports can reduce the risk of re-injury (Hewett et al., 2016).

References

• Chahla, J., et al. (2016). Meniscal tears: A review of the literature. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(6), 1635-1643.
• Fransen, M., et al. (2014). Exercise for osteoarthritis of the knee: A Cochrane systematic review. British Journal of Sports Medicine, 48(2), 95-100.
• Hewett, T. E., et al. (2016). Biomechanical measures of neuromuscular control and knee injury risk in female athletes: A prospective study. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(6), 1567-1573.
• Krause, M., et al. (2014). Patellofemoral pain syndrome: Treatment and prevention. International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy, 9(4), 466-477.
• Snyder, S. J., et al. (2016). Iliotibial band syndrome: A review of the literature. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 44(6), 1614-1622.